Understanding the Difference between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
Arthritis is an umbrella term encompassing over 100 different types of joint diseases. Two of the most common forms are rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). While both conditions affect the joints, they have distinct differences in their causes, symptoms, and treatments. Let's delve into the specifics of each to better understand how they differ.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, primarily affecting the lining of the joints (synovium). This chronic inflammatory disorder can lead to severe joint damage and deformity over time if left untreated.
CAUSES:
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Autoimmune Response: The exact cause of RA remains unknown, but it's believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors triggering an autoimmune reaction.
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Genetics: Family history plays a significant role in predisposing individuals to RA.
SYMPTOMS:
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Symmetrical Joint Pain: RA typically affects joints on both sides of the body simultaneously.
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Swelling and Stiffness: Joints become swollen, tender, and stiff, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
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Fatigue and Malaise: RA often causes general feelings of tiredness, weakness, and flu-like symptoms.
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Systemic Involvement: It can affect other organs and systems in the body, such as the skin, eyes, lungs, and cardiovascular system.
TREATMENT:
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Medications: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.
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Physical Therapy: Exercises to improve joint function, mobility, and strength are essential.
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Lifestyle Modifications: Rest, stress management, and a balanced diet can complement medical treatments.
OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)
Osteoarthritis, on the other hand, is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, the tissue that cushions the ends of bones within the joint. It's the most common form of arthritis, typically affecting weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine.
CAUSES:
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Age: OA is often associated with aging, as wear and tear on joints over time can lead to cartilage deterioration.
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Joint Injury: Previous joint injuries or trauma can increase the risk of developing OA in affected joints.
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Obesity: Excess weight puts additional stress on joints, particularly those in the lower body.
SYMPTOMS:
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Joint Pain: Pain in affected joints, which worsens with activity and improves with rest.
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Stiffness: Stiffness, particularly after periods of inactivity or prolonged rest.
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Limited Range of Motion: Reduced flexibility and difficulty moving